Sleep Disorders
Patients with sleep disorders tend to fall into one of four groups.
- Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (Insomnia)
- Disorders of Excessive Sleepiness (e.g., sleep apnea, narcolepsy)
- Sleep Related Behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, night terrors)
- Circadian Rhythm Disorders (e.g., shift work)
- Commonly Occurring Sleep Disorders
Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea is diagnosed by the use of a sleep test, known as a Polysomnogram. During a Polysomnogram, a patient will have small wires attached to their body while they sleep to determine if they have this disorder. If present, treatment options can include the use of nasal CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), upper airway surgery, dental devices, weight loss, or positional treatments.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy can also be diagnosed by overnight sleep testing (Polysomnogram), followed by a daytime test called a Multiple Sleep Latency Test. The Multiple Sleep Latency Test is a series of daytime naps occurring every two hours to measure how quickly one falls asleep during the day. Narcolepsy is a treatable condition, which may include medication, and adjustments to sleep behavior.
Restless Leg Syndrome
- An uncomfortable sensation in the limbs (legs, and occasionally arms) associated with an irresistible urge to move the limbs
- Typically occurs in the evening or night time
- Occurs during periods of rest or inactivity
- Is partially or totally relieved temporarily by moving or stretching the affected limb(s)
Restless Leg Syndrome may be inherited in some individuals. It may occur during pregnancy or, in patients with anemia or iron deficiency. It may be due to side effects of certain medications, or occur with certain Neurologic disorders as well. Restless Leg Syndrome is often aggravated by the effects of caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol, but can be treated with medication in many patients.
Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Painful Medical Conditions
- Shift Changes
- Medication
- Restless Leg Syndrome
Treatment of insomnia may require changes in sleep behavior, treatment of underlying medical conditions, and at times, medication. Sleep testing (Polysomnography) is only occasionally required to diagnose the cause of insomnia.
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